鄱阳湖流域越冬白枕鹤种群数量和空间分布格局

[Objective]To study the changes in population size and spatial distribution pattern of the White-naped Crane in Poyang Lake during the overwintering period,and to speculate the reasons for the changes in population dynamics,so as to provide basic data for the subsequent conservation of the White-naped Crane in Poyang Lake.[Method]Based on the data from the synchronous survey of wintering waterbirds in Poyang Lake,a linear regression analysis of the population size of the White-naped Crane was carried out from 2001 to 2024 to observe the fluctuation of the actual growth of the population size of the White-naped Crane.The number,frequency and percentage of individual White-naped Cranes at different observation points and the protected areas they belonged to in the synchronous survey of Poyang Lake in 2020,2022,2023 and 2024 were counted to determine the main spatial distribution pattern of White-naped Cranes,and a schematic diagram was drawn using the survey points in the four years to analyse the short-term changes in the spatial distribution of White-naped Crane populations.[Result](1)The population size of White-naped Cranes in Poyang Lake showed a significant linear downward trend(P<0.001)from 2001 to 2024.The wintering population of White-naped Cranes in Poyang Lake showed several drastic changes in 2003,2010 and 2015,and the population increased sharply and then recovered to a lower level in the following year,which was correlated with several severe droughts in Poyang Lake.2)The distribution of White-naped Cranes observed in 2020,2022,2023 and 2024 was relatively fixed and concentrated in the lakes,and most of them were concentrated in the Poyang Lake National Reserve,and the distribution of White-naped Cranes in Poyang Lake National Reserve in the four years was also concentrated in Poyang Lake National Reserve.Most of them were concentrated in Poyang Lake National Reserve,and the number of White-naped Cranes recorded in Poyang Lake Reserve accounted for 54.9%of the total number of White-naped Cranes in these four years,while the total number of White-naped Cranes in Duchang Reserve accounted for 10.6%,and 3%was recorded in Nanji Wetland.Most of the manually recorded areas were lakes and surrounding shallows,and the habitats of more recorded points were rice fields or farmlands,reflecting the feeding characteristics of the white-naped crane population.3)In 2020 and 2022,the White-naped Crane were distributed in the vicinity of Poyang Lake Reserve,but basically did not overlap with each other,and there were a few discrete points of higher density,and in 2023,the White-naped Crane formed a more balanced number of discrete points outward from Poyang Lake Reserve,while in 2024,the number of White-naped Cranes was more balanced.In 2023,the White-naped Crane from Poyang Lake Reserve to the outside formed a more balanced number of discrete points,and in 2024,the White-naped Crane were concentrated in Poyang Lake Reserve and its vicinity.[Conclusion](1)The wintering population of White-naped Crane in Poyang Lake wetland will fluctuate greatly from 2001 to 2024,and the population will show a linear decline.2)The wintering area of White-naped Cranes in Poyang Lake is mainly concentrated in the National Nature Reserve of Poyang Lake and the distribution area is relatively fixed,with a few smaller lakes in the surrounding area.The wintering population of White-naped Crane in Poyang Lake Basin is basically located in Banghu,Dachahu,Zhushihu and Dahuchi in Poyang Lake Reserve,Nanhu in Gongqing city and Qihu in Poyang County.