樟子松人工林土壤多功能性特征及其影响因子
Characteristics of Soil Multifunctionality and Its Influencing Factors in Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica Plantations
[目的]揭示樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var.mongolia)人工林土壤多功能性特征及其影响因子，为樟子松人工林可持续经营管理提供理论依据。[方法]以呼伦贝尔沙地、科尔沁沙地和毛乌素沙地樟子松人工林为研究对象，采用野外调查和分子生物学相结合的方法，利用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序分析樟子松人工林土壤真菌群落多样性，采用均值法量化土壤多功能性并分析其影响因子。[结果](1)樟子松人工林土壤有机碳和水解性氮含量排序均依次为:呼伦贝尔沙地、科尔沁沙地、毛乌素沙地，且呈显著差异(P<0.05);毛乌素沙地土壤有效钴显著高于呼伦贝尔沙地和科尔沁沙地，土壤有效铜、有效铁和有效锰则相反(P<0.05)。樟子松人工林土壤多功能性依次排序为:科尔沁沙地、呼伦贝尔沙地、毛乌素沙地，且呈显著差异(P<0.05)。(2)科尔沁沙地土壤真菌物种多样性最高，Chao 1 指数和物种丰富度指数显著高于呼伦贝尔沙地和毛乌素沙地，Shannon指数显著高于毛乌素沙地(P<0.05);科尔沁沙地土壤真菌系统发育多样性指数最高，且显著高于呼伦贝尔沙地和毛乌素沙地(P<0.05)。樟子松人工林土壤pH值依次排序为:毛乌素沙地、呼伦贝尔沙地、科尔沁沙地，且呈显著差异(P<0.0 5);毛乌素沙地土壤电导率和土壤含水率显著高于其他两个沙地(P<0.05);呼伦贝尔沙地土壤温度显著高于其他两个沙地(P<0.05)。(3)随机森林模型显示海拔、经度、纬度、土壤pH、土壤温度、真菌Shannon指数和物种丰富度是识别土壤多功能性的重要预测因子，解释度为 83.68%;地理空间因子对土壤因子和土壤多功能性均表现极其显著正效应(P<0.001)，土壤因子对土壤多功能性表现显著负效应(P<0.05)，土壤真菌多样性指数对土壤多功能性无显著影响(P>0.05)。[结论]科尔沁沙地樟子松人工林土壤多功能性最高，土壤生态系统更为稳定;土壤真菌多样性和非生物因子共同影响樟子松人工林土壤多功能性，但非生物因子比生物因子更为重要。研究结果有助于从生物和非生物因子角度解析樟子松人工林土壤多功能性特征，并为合理利用和科学管理樟子松人工林生态系统提供科学依据。
[Objective]To illuminate the soil multifunctional characteristics and its influencing factors of Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica plantations,and provide a theoretical basis for the sustainable management of P.sylvestris plantations.[Method]We sampled the soils of P.sylvestris plantations in the Hulunbuir,Horqin and Mu Us Desert.The diversity of soil fungal communities were identified by Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing,and soil multifunctionality was calculated by the Z-score method as well as its influencing factors.[Result](1)Soil organic carbon and hydrolyzable nitrogen of P.sylvestris plantations in desert showed significant differences(Hulunbuir Desert>Horqin Desert>Mu Us Desert,P<0.05);soil available cobalt in the Mu Us Desert was significantly higher than that in the Hulunbuir and Horqin Desert,while the soil available copper,available iron and available manganese were opposite(P<0.05).The soil multifunctionality of P.sylvestris plantations in desert showed significant differences(Horqin Desert>Hulunbuir Desert>Mu Us Desert,P<0.05).(2)The species diversity of soil fungi in the Horqin Desert was the highest,and Chao 1 and species richness index were significantly higher than those in the Hulunbuir and Mu Us Desert,and Shannon index was significantly higher than that in the Mu Us Desert(P<0.05);The phylogenetic diversity index of soil fungi in the Horqin Desert was the highest,which was significantly higher than that in the Hulunbuir and Mu Us Desert(P<0.05).Soil pH of P.sylvestris plantations in desert showed significant differences(Hulunbuir Desert>Horqin Desert>Mu Us Desert,P<0.05);the soil electrical conductivity and soil moisture content in the Mu Us Desert were significantly higher than those in the other two Desert(P<0.05);the soil temperature in Hulunbuir Desert was significantly higher than that in the other two Desert(P<0.05).(3)The random forest model showed that altitude,longitude,latitude,pH,soil temperature,fungal Shannon index and species richness were important predictors for identifying soil multifunctionality,with an explanation of 83.68%.Geospatial factors had extremely significant positive effects on soil factors and soil multifunctionality(P<0.001),soil factors had significant negative effects on soil multifunctionality(P<0.05),and soil fungal diversity index had no significant effect on soil multifunctionality(P>0.05).[Conclusion]The soil multifunctionality of P.sylvestris plantations in the Horqin Desert is the highest,and its soil ecosystem is more stable.Soil fungal diversity and abiotic factors dive soil multifunctionality of P.sylvestris plantations,but abiotic factors were more important than biotic factors.This improved information will provide a better understanding of soil multifunctional characteristics and comprehensive service ability of P.sylvestris plantations from the perspective of biotic and abiotic factors,as well as the rational utilization and scientific management of P.sylvestris plantations ecosystem.
李丹丹;赵珮杉;高广磊;丁国栋;张英;任悦;
北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京 100083;北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京 100083;北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京 100083##林木资源高效生产全国重点实验室,北京 100083##宁夏盐池毛乌素沙地生态系统国家定位观测研究站,盐池 751500##林业生态工程教育部工程研究中心,北京 100083##水土保持国家林业和草原局重点实验室,北京 100083;北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京 100083##宁夏盐池毛乌素沙地生态系统国家定位观测研究站,盐池 751500##林业生态工程教育部工程研究中心,北京 100083##水土保持国家林业和草原局重点实验室,北京 100083;北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京 100083##宁夏盐池毛乌素沙地生态系统国家定位观测研究站,盐池 751500##林业生态工程教育部工程研究中心,北京 100083##水土保持国家林业和草原局重点实验室,北京 100083;北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京 100083;
soil multifunctionality soil fungi diversity Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica affecting factors
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