有机硅功能肥对盐碱土壤水分运移的影响
Effect of organosilicon functional fertilizer on water transport in saline soil
[目的]明确纳米活性硅酸钙、有机硅功能肥对土壤持水、保水、渗水等水盐运移规律的影响。[方法]以普通耕层土和配制盐碱土(CK)为样本，实验设置 8 个处理:CK(耕层土)、G+F(耕层土+复合肥)、G+5%(耕层土+5%有机硅肥)、G+10%(耕层土+10%有机硅肥)、Y(盐碱土)、Y+F(盐碱土+复合肥)、Y+5%(盐碱土+5%有机硅肥)、Y+10%(盐碱土+10%有机硅肥)，每个处理做三个平行实验。5%代表一亩地加入 5kg 的有机硅肥，10%代表一亩地加入 10kg 的有机硅肥。采取室内一维垂直土柱入渗实验，论文的主要研究内容如下:(1)不同条件处理下土壤的入渗湿润锋、含水率通过土柱入渗实验，探究不同处理条件下土壤在垂直入渗中水分运移的影响，进而判断对土壤湿润锋、累计入渗量、入渗后土壤含水率的影响。(2)不同处理条件下土壤的盐分含量、理化性质对入渗后的土壤进行取样，检测其中盐分浓度、pH、含水率，研究不同条件对土壤中盐分、含水率与 pH 之间的影响。[结果]。结果表明，在耕层土中，加入 5%和 10%的有机硅肥、复合肥和 A 型活性硅肥时，土壤入渗速率加快，其中加入 5%的有机硅肥入渗速率最快。对于土壤的保水性而言，加入 5%有机硅肥的土壤比加入 10%有机硅肥的土壤效果更好，对于配置的盐碱土而言，加入 10%的有机硅肥才会加快水分的入渗速率，反而加入 5%有机硅肥和复合肥会减缓水分的运移，这两种的保水性也是最好的，其中加入 5%有机硅肥的效果更明显。[结论]在耕层土中，5%和 10%的有机硅肥、复合肥和 A 型活性硅肥促进土壤水分入渗，其中加入 5%的有机硅肥时土壤中水分入渗速率最快，加入 B型活性硅肥反而会减缓土壤入渗速率;对于土壤的保水性而言，5%有机硅肥的土壤比 10%有机硅肥的壤效果好，并不是加入有机硅肥的量越多越好。对于配置的盐碱土而言，加入 10%的有机硅肥会加快水分的入渗速率，反而加入 5%有机硅肥和复合肥会减缓水分的运移;保水性而言有机硅肥的保水性也是最好的，其中加入 5%有机硅肥的效果更显著。
To clarify the effect of nano-active calcium silicate and organosilicon functional fertilizer on soil water retention, water retention, water seepage and other water and salt transport rules. [Method] With the samples of common topsoil and salt-alkali soil (CK), the experiment set up 8 treatments: CK (topsoil), G+F(topsoil +compound fertilizer), G+5%(topsoil +5% organic silicon fertilizer), G+10% (topsoil +10% organic silicon fertilizer), Y(saline alkali soil), Y+F (saline alkali soil +compound fertilizer), Y+5% (saline alkali soil +5% silicone fertilizer), Y+10%(saline alkali soil +10% silicone fertilizer), and three parallel experiments were performed for each treatment. 5% represents the addition of 5kg of silicone fertilizer to one acre, and 10% represents the addition of 10kg of silicone fertilizer to one acre. The main research contents of this paper are as follows: (1) Through soil column infiltration experiment, the influence of soil moisture transport under different treatment conditions in vertical infiltration is explored, and then the influence on soil wetting front,cumulative infiltration amount and soil moisture content after infiltration is judged. (2) The soil after infiltration was sampled to detect the soil salt content and physical and chemical properties under different treatment conditions. And the influence of different conditions on soil salt, moisture content and pH were studied. [Result] The results show that soil infiltration rate was accelerated when 5% and 10% organic silicon fertilnd the infiltration rate of 5% organic silicon fertilizer was the fastest. For soil watizer, compound fertilizer and type A active silicon fertilizer were added to the topsoil, aer retention, the effect of two kinds of active silicon fertilizer was the best, and the soil with 5% organic silicon fertilizer is better than the soil with 10% organic silicon fertilizer. But for the configuration of saline alkali soil, adding 10% organic silicon fertilizer will accelerate the water infiltration rate. On the other hand, adding 5% organic silicon fertilizer and compound fertilizer will slow down the migration of water. The water retention of these two kinds is also the best, and the effect of adding 5% organic silicon fertilizer is more obvious. [Conclusion] In the topsoil, 5% and 10% organic silicon fertilizer,The rate of soil water infiltration was the fastest when adding 5% organic silicon fertilizer, but the rate of soil water infiltration was slowed down when adding type B active silicon fertilizer. For soil water retention, the effect of active silicon fertilizer is the best. The soil of 5% organic silicon fertilizer is better than the soil of 10% organic silicon fertilizer, but the more the amount of organic silicon fertilizer is added, the better. For the saline-alkali soil, adding 10% organic silicon fertilizer will accelerate the water infiltration rate, while adding 5% organic silicon fertilizer and compound fertilizer will slow down the water migration. In terms of water retention, the water retention of organic silicon fertilizer is also the best, and the effect of adding 5% organic silicon fertilizer is more significant.
宋福如;宋利强;曹子库;康莲薇;李东霞;
河北省农业科学研究院 河北硅谷肥业有限公司 邯郸 057151;河北省农业科学研究院 河北硅谷肥业有限公司 邯郸 057151;河北省永年区农业农村局 邯郸 057151;河北工程大学材料科学与工程学院 邯郸 056038;河北工程大学园林与生态工程学院 邯郸 056038;
Q958.15;S154.5
saline-alkali soil Silicone functional fertilizer Active calcium silicate Water and salt transport
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