不同种源木荷种实及苗期表型性状分析及综合评价

[Objective]To study the diversity of seed and seedling phenotypic traits of Schima superba from different sources in Hunan Province,and provide scientific basis for the collection,evaluation,and utilization of Schima superba germplasm resources.[Method]12 seed sources were selected to collect fruits,seeds,and leaves,and 1-year-old seedlings were bred.Ten phenotypic traits,including fruit transverse diameter,fruit longitudinal diameter,fruit stem length,leaf length,leaf width,leaf stem length,seed length,seed width,ground diameter,and seedling height,were measured.Using methods such as analysis of variance,multiple comparisons,correlation analysis,and cluster analysis,the variation of seed and seedling phenotypic traits in different seed sources of Schima superba and their relationship with environmental factors were explored.[Result]There was extensive variation in the fruit and leaf surface traits of 8 Schima superba varieties among their sources,with a coefficient of variation of 8.9-25.82%.There were significant differences in fruit diameter,stem length,leaf width,and stem length.(2)There is varying degrees of correlation between the phenotypic traits of different Schima superba species and their geographical environment.There is a significant negative correlation between fruit diameter,leaf length,leaf width,petiole length,seed length,and seed width with north latitude and pH value,a significant negative correlation between seedling height and east longitude,and an extremely significant positive correlation with pH value.The diameter variation during the seedling stage is 4.23-5.71mm,and the height variation is 30.10-45.00cm.There is a significant difference in the height of Schima superba seedlings between Sangzhi County,Longshan County,Chaling County,and Changsha County.The percentage of aboveground diameter growth exceeding the average value during the seedling stage is 1.28-16.6%,and the percentage of aboveground height growth exceeding the average value is 0.84-17.84%.(4)Through cluster analysis,12 Schima superba germplasm sources were classified into four major types.The first type includes four southwestern Hunan producing areas:Jindong District,Tongdao County,Guzhang County,and Luxi County,with large fruits,wide leaves,and fast growth;The second category includes four production areas in southeastern Hunan,including Jingzhou County,Nanshan Park,Chengbu County,and Zixing City,with large fruits,long and wide leaves,and fast growth;The third category includes Xiangdong producing areas such as Chaling County and Changsha County,with small fruits and average growth;The fourth category includes Xiangbei producing areas such as Longshan County and Sangzhi County,with small fruits,short leaves,narrow leaves,small seeds,and fast growth.[Conclusion]The lateral diameter,stem length,leaf width,and stem length of Schima superba are the main geographic variation traits.East longitude,north latitude,and pH value are the main factors affecting the phenotypic traits of seeds and fruits.Based on the standard of seedling height,excellent seed production areas were selected as Sangzhi County,Longshan County,Nanshan Park,and Jingzhou County.