Firm innovation patterns in the emerging market:the role of lone innovators

This study examines the patterns of firm innovation in emerging markets.It proposes four patterns by combining the internal-external and local-nonlocal divisions of innovation resources.It draws on data from a survey of 10,730 advanced manufacturing firms in Jiangsu,China.It uses the clustering and propensity score matching analysis to compare the condition and performance of the four patterns.Although innovation collaboration is considered essential,this study observes high-performing innovators with a low propensity to innovation collaboration in an emerging market.These lone innovators perform as well as collaborating firms,but their value has been underestimated before.